## Coordinate Geometry Circle

A circle is the set of all points in a plane that are equidistant from a fixed point in the plane.

The fixed point is called the centre of the circle & the distance from the centre to a point on the circle is called the radius of the circle.

Given $$C(h,k)$$ be the centre & r be the radius of circle. Let $$P(x,y)$$ be any point on the circle. $$|CP|=r$$. By distance formula:

$$\sqrt { { (x-h) }^{ 2 }+{ (y-k) }^{ 2 } } =r$$ $${ (x-h) }^{ 2 }+{ (y-k) }^{ 2 }={ r }^{ 2 }$$

Therefore, any point on the circle satisfies

$${ (x-h) }^{ 2 }+{ (y-k) }^{ 2 }={ r }^{ 2 }$$

Problem: Find the equation of the circle with centre (2,3) & radius 5?

Solution: Equation of the circle is

$${ (x-2) }^{ 2 }+{ (y-3) }^{ 2 }={ 5 }^{ 2 }\\ { x }^{ 2 }-4x+4+{ y }^{ 2 }+9-6y=25\\ { x }^{ 2 }+{ y }^{ 2 }-4x-6y-12=0$$

Important formula:

Let generalized equation of a circle be

$${ x }^{ 2 }+{ y }^{ 2 }+2gx+2fy+c=0$$

Centre of circle is at $$(-g,-f)$$

$$\sqrt { { g }^{ 2 }+{ f }^{ 2 }-c }$$

Problem: Find the centre & the radius of the circle

$${ x }^{ 2 }+{ y }^{ 2 }-12x+10y+52=0$$

Solution: Let’s compare this equation with generalized equation:

$${ x }^{ 2 }+{ y }^{ 2 }-12x+10y+52=0$$

2g = -12, c = 52, 2f = 10

g = -6, f = 5, c = 52

Centre (-g,-f) = (6,-5)

Radius = $$\sqrt { { g }^{ 2 }+{ f }^{ 2 }-c } =\sqrt { 36+25-52 }$$

# WELTSCHMERZ (Noun)

Meaning- mental depression or apathy caused by comparison of the actual state of the world with an ideal state

Mnemonic trick- welt sounds like world and schmerz sounds like submerge. World is submerging in pain because of the problems like conflict in middle-east, refugee problem in Europe, eurozone crisis. Therefore, weltschmerz means mental depression or sadness caused by the problems that world is facing.

Uses-

• Adolescents are often rather pessimistic about the future of humanity. This weltschmerz is a natural result of their maturing minds and bodies.
• Pessimistic people often experience weltschmerz, because of the growing problems in our society.
• Weltschmerz, it is the depression you feel when the world does not line up as you think it should be. Maturity teaches us to live in weltschmerz ocean. Do you live in weltschmerz?

Meaning- 1) Characterized by whim or caprice.

2) Subject to erratic behavior and often amusing.

Mnemonic trick- The word whimsical comes from word ‘whim’. ‘whim’ means a sudden wish, desire, decision etc. Therefore, whimsical means a person characterized by a sudden wish, decision, desire etc.

Synonym- CAPRICIOUS, FREAKISH, IMPULSIVE

Uses-

• He has a wonderful whimsical sense of humor.
• In this play, Protagonist is a playful, whimsical man who takes a notion to dress up as a woman so that he can look after his children, who are in the custody of his ex-wife.
• Last night, our coach got a little whimsical and changed up the infield a bit.
• Victims of the whimsical monsoons and fickle market prices, these poor farmers have little control over their destiny.

Meaning- Charming and pleasant because of a naïve, innocent quality.

Explanation- The word winsome contains word ‘win’ and ‘some’. ‘some’ sounds similar to handsome. Especially handsome and naïve people becomes charm and pleasant after their win. Therefore, winsome means charming and pleasant because of a naïve, innocent quality.

Synonym- CHEERFUL, LIGHTHEARTED

Uses-

• The pale blue dress that Lorna’ s friend wore was appropriate for her winsome personality.
• I had a winsome smile.
• The students joined in a winsome pose for the photographer at their summer picnic.
• By her winsome manner, she made herself liked by everyone who met her.

# YEARN (Verb)

Meaning- to feel a strong desire for something or to have an intense feeling of lacking something

Mnemonic trick- we should yearn to learn from the mistakes of our people.

Uses-

• When we are away from home, we yearn for our mother’ s love.
• Jenifer always yearns for a lifestyle as rich and lavish as the Bollywood stars.
• After two decades of imprisonment, the prisoners yearned for their freedom.
• After Ben quit smoking, he would still yearn for a cigarette in his free time.
• Have you ever yearned for something?

# ZEAL (Noun)

Meaning- enthusiastic devotion to a cause, ideal or goal and tireless diligence in its furtherance.

Mnemonic Trick- The word zeal contains word ‘zee’. Suppose a person watches Zee Cinema and Zee TV a lot. Hence, he has enthusiastic devotion to movies and serials. Therefore, zeal means enthusiastic devotion to a cause, ideal or goal and tireless diligence in its furtherance.

Synonym- PASSION, FANATICISM, FERVOR, ARDOR, VEHEMENCE

Uses-

• With great zeal, Imran ate his first meal after a long fast.
• Geeta was a politician known for her zeal and passion for reform.
• The local school principal enforced regulations with excessive zeal.
• The novel captures the revolutionary zeal of the period.

## CHAPTER 103 on Vocabulary

Meaning- Speaking a lot with confidence and enthusiasm.

Synonym- TALKATIVE, LOQUACIOUS, PROLIX, VERBOSE

Uses-

• Arnab goswami’ s voluble style works well on TV.
• I am a voluble speaker.
• Nowadays spokespersons of political party use voluble style in television debates to prove their point.
• Journalist is voluble about scam broken by him. He is in limelight after breaking scam.

Meaning- 1) Commanding respect by virtue of age, dignity, character or position.

2) Worthy of reverence especially by religious or historical association.

3) impressive by reason of age.

Mnemonic trick- The word venerable comes from word venerate. Venerate means to respect someone. Therefore, venerable means someone who is worthy of respect.

Synonym- HALLOWED, VENERATED, REVERED, SACRED

Uses-

• The venerable old man was a source of advice and wisdom for villagers.
• Murli Manohar Joshi is a venerable member of Bhartiya Janta Party.

Meaning- 1) A reference to being open to physical or emotional harm; easily hurt, easily wounded.

2) relating to being unable to resist attack, harm or damage.

Synonym- ENDANGERED, EXPOSED, SUSCEPTIBLE, SENSITIVE

Uses-

• He was very vulnerable after his divorce.
• The fort was undefended and vulnerable.
• Homes near river Yamuna are always vulnerable to flood.
• Jackie was quite vulnerable and broke out in tears when her friend would mention her late husband who died just a few weeks before.
• Your sister has always been vulnerable to criticism

First Meaning- 1) showing no thoughts or care for the rights, feelings or safety of others.

2) not limited or controlled. For example- wanton aggression.

Mnemonic trick- wanton sounds similar to one tone. Imagine an inconsiderate person giving a task to carry one tone of load. One tone is out of limit. Person is recklessly inconsiderate or wanton. Therefore, wanton means showing no thoughts or uncontrolled.

Uses-

• Wanton cruelty
• Wantonly, she broke her husband’ s heart.

Second Meaning- sexually loose or sexually unrestrained woman

Mnemonic trick- wanton contains word want and one. We can imagine a woman who always wants one more partner for sex. Therefore, wanton means sexually loose or sexually unrestrained woman.

Uses-

• Wanton never expects to be sorry in the morning, and she never is.
• Her life was characterized by wantonness.
• She led a fruitless, wanton, uncontrolled life.

Meaning- to be cautious or careful of something

Uses-

• In her first interview, new actress was wary of talking to the press media as she did n’ t want to disclose about her personal life.
• Due to the recent kidnapping in neighborhood, mother told Rahul to be wary of strangers on his way back from the high school.

# WAVER (Verb)

Meaning- 1) To go back and forth between choices or opinions, to be uncertain about what you think about something or someone.

2) To become unsteady because of weakness, emotion, tiredness etc. or to hesitate.

Mnemonic trick- The word waver comes from word ‘wave’. ‘wave’ means to move (something) back and forth usually in a repeated motion. Therefore, waver means to go back and forth between choices or to become unsteady because of weakness, tiredness etc.

Uses-

• The organization members all declared that they will never waver in their support for their president.
• During long sermons at temple, Michael’ s attention would sometimes waver because he was thinking about other things.
• My voice seemed to waver while I was telling my friends about an uncomfortable dream.

## CHAPTER 102 on Vocabulary

Meaning- experienced or felt by watching, hearing about, or reading about someone else rather than by doing something yourself

Mnemonic trick- vicarious contains word car. Daily, by watching people driving their car, we enjoy driving vicariously. Therefore, vicarious means experience by watching someone else rather than by doing something yourself.

Uses-

• I vicariously enjoyed my trip to Paris by reading travelling stories and watching images of Paris on google.
• Child pretends that he is a doctor or he is a teacher. He is enjoying adult life, not directly, but vicariously. When he is older and more mature he will live less vicariously and more actually.
• While reading book, we have vicarious joys and sorrows. We vicariously enjoy the lives of the characters of the story.
• Since his accident he has been unable to take part in the sports that he used to love. Now he reads the sports page and enjoys tennis, golf, and baseball vicariously.

# VINDICATE (Verb)

Meaning- 1) To clear someone or something of blame, guilt, suspicion or doubt.

2) To clear someone from censure, criticism, suspicion or doubt.

3) To provide justification or defense for something or to justify something.

Synonym- ABSOLVE, EXONERATE, EXCULPATE, ACQUIT

Uses-

• The confession of the real criminal immediately vindicated Jasper who the police had held for questioning about the break-in of the local jewelry store.
• Marya checked with a dictionary resource to vindicate the unusual spelling of a word in her essay.
• The new evidence that was presented in the criminal trial immediately vindicated the defense lawyer’ s position that her client was innocent.
• Their approach to the problem was vindicated by positive results they got.

Meaning- having or showing a desire to hurt someone who has hurt or caused problems for you

Mnemonic trick- vindictive contains word ‘dict’ or Hindi word ‘dikkat’. We are vindictive toward those who cause dikkat for us. Therefore, vindictive means desire to hurt someone who has caused problems for you.

Synonym- REVENGEFUL, VENGEFUL

Uses-

• He accused her of being vindictive.
• Be careful not to hurt her feelings, for she will never forgive you. You know how vindictive some women are.
• I dislike him mainly for his vindictiveness.
• Anger gives birth to vindictiveness and vindictive person hesitates at nothing in her bitterness.

# VISAGE (Noun)

Meaning- A person’ s face or facial expression or appearance.

Synonym- COUNTENANCE, EXPRESSION, FACE

Uses-

• The mother’ s visage was stern and angry as she scolded her son for batting his baseball through the window when he was playing in the backyard.
• He was an old man with a noticeably happy visage.
• The stern visage of the judge indicated that she had decided to impose a severe penalty.

# VOLITION (Noun)

Meaning- The power to make your own choices or decisions

Mnemonic trick- volition has been derived from word volunteer. Volunteers do our help of their own volition. Therefore, volition means something that we do out of our own will or choice.

Uses-

• Left the church of her own volition, not because he was excommunicated.
• On seeing an injured boy, John stopped his car and helped him out of his own volition.
• Have you ever done something of your own volition and regretted the same?

Meaning- It describes something of being done with a deliberate intention

Uses-

• Walter is always volitional to help his wife do the dishes after dinner.

Meaning- It describes an action that is done willingly

Uses-

• Michelle volitionally accompanies her friend in singing at the club on every weekend.
• Robert was concerned about the tourists as their car had broken down. He offered to fix their car volitionally.

# VACILLATE (Verb)

Meaning- 1) to keep changing your opinion or thoughts about something especially in a way that annoys other people.

2) hesitate.

Mnemonic trick- The word vacillate contains word ‘cillate’. ‘cillate’ sounds similar to oscillate. Just like pendulum oscillates between two positions or we can say that pendulum vacillates between two positions. Therefore, vacillate means to keep changing your opinion or thoughts about something especially in a way that annoys other people.

Synonym- FLUCTUATE, WAVER, HESITATE, OSCILLATE

Uses-

• Vacillated for so long that someone else stepped in and made the decision.
• After the breakup with her boy-friend, Michael seemed to vacillate between angry and very sad.
• Her mood vacillated between hope and despair.
• Yesterday Pooja seemed to be so sure about where he would be going this weekend, but today he is vacillating as to whether he will visit his mother or go to the football game.

Meaning- having or showing too much pride in your abilities or achievements

Synonym- EGOISTIC, POMPOUS, PRIDEFUL, CONCEITED, NARCISSISTIC

Explanation- vain has two meanings. It means futile and it also means egoistic. Therefore, word vainglorious comes from word vain.

Uses-

• That vainglorious and pompous senator annoys all who know him.
• Vaingloriousness was a characteristic of Napoleon.
• No one can all you modest or diffident; indeed, on the contrary, you are the modest vainglorious man I know.
• Jeet was a vainglorious athlete who bragged about his basketball talents whenever he was interviewed on TV or on radio.
• Kapil was a vainglorious celebrity who appeared on many TV programs because he made fun of every superstar.

# VENERATE (Verb)

Meaning- to honor or greatly respect a person or thing.

Venerate usually implies holding something or someone as holy or sacrosanct.

Uses-

• Munshi premchand is India’s most venerated poet.
• Snakes are venerated in India as religious symbol.
• In some cultures, people venerate their ancestors, even leaving food offerings for them.

# VERACITY (Noun)

Meaning- 1) Truth or accuracy.

2) The quality of being truthful or honest.

Mnemonic trick- The word veracity contains word ‘VERACIT’. ‘VERACIT’ sounds similar to Hindi word ‘VIRASAT’. In Indian culture, we inherit truthful or honest nature. We get veracity in ‘VIRASAT’. Therefore, veracity means truth or quality of being truthful.

Synonym- TRUTHFULNESS, INTEGRITY, HONESTY, CANDIDNESS

Uses-

• We questioned the veracity of her remarks.
• They had to question the veracity of his remarks regarding the accident.
• The lawyer hoped the jury would n ‘t doubt the veracity of the witness.
• The voracity of his mind to read and to absorb new information was matched by the veracity of his essays which were written in lucid way.

# VEX (Verb)

Meaning- 1) to make another person annoyed or upset.

2) to make someone anxious or to agitate.

3) to confuse or to puzzle other people.

Mnemonic trick- The word vex sounds similar to tax. Nowadays, number of taxes like service tax, income tax and other taxes continue to vex us. Therefore, vex means to make another person annoyed or anxious or to confuse others.

Synonym- EXASPERATE, AGITATE, AGGRAVATE, IRRITATE

Uses-

• Jimmy was vexing his sister by refusing to let her see the TV program that she wanted to watch.
• Michael was waiting at bus stop and delay in the arrival of the bus was vexing him because it just made him late for his office.
• The inadequate information about words in many dictionaries has vexed many users over the years.
• This issue looks likely to continue to vex the government.

## CHAPTER 100 on Vocabulary

Meaning- 1) Trivial, unimportant.

2) So, small as to be unimportant, frivolous.

Synonym- FRIPPERY, TRIVIAL, FRIVOLOUS, UNIMPORTANT

Uses-

• The young man was so wealthy that he considered the salary from her internship a mere trifle, and did not even notice when her paycheck was days late.

# TRIFFLE (Verb)

Meaning- 1) to talk in a mocking manner.

2) to treat someone or something as unimportant.

3) to spend time in trifling.

Uses-

• Do not trifle with me unless you mean to ask me to marry you.

Meaning- Lacking freshness and originality, lacking effectiveness due to overuse.

Uses-

• His lyrics about love and peace are too trite for me to take them seriously.
• His remarks were trite and commonplace.

Meaning- A confused situation in which there is usually a lot of noise and excitement.

Synonym- INCISIVE, SHARP, ACERBIC, SCATHING, CAUSTIC, PENETRATING

Uses-

• His trenchant views on the subject are well known.
• Bruce made a trenchantanalysis of the reasons for a loss in sales.
• Debora was known to have trenchantwriting skills.

Meaning- seeming to be seen everywhere

Mnemonic trick- The word ubiquitous contains word quit. Warnings of quit tobacco can be seen everywhere. Warnings of quit tobacco are ubiquitous. Therefore, ubiquitous means something present everywhere.

Synonym- OMNIPRESENT, VERY COMMON, PERVASIVE

Uses-

• The ubiquitous bicycles of the university towns.
• In the spring the color green may be said to be almost ubiquitous.
• Fear of terrorist attacks and bomb blasts is ubiquitous in some of the middle east countries.

Meaning- describes people or behavior expressing too much friendliness and politeness but that is unpleasant because it is obviously not sincere.

Mnemonic trick- The word unctuous contains word unc. It sounds similar to uncle. Generally uncle in our neighborhood shows unctuous friendliness and politeness but that is unpleasant because it is obviously not sincere. Therefore, unctuous means people or behavior expressing too much politeness and friendliness but that is unpleasant because it is obviously not sincere.

Uses-

• He is so unctuous I cannot bear him.
• He is a glib, unctuous person. I cannot trust him.
• His unctuous smile is really unpleasant.

Meaning- excessively devoted to one’ s wife especially in a submissive and obedient way

Mnemonic trick- The word uxorious contains word xoriou. Xoriou sounds similar to Joru. Joru ka Ghulam was a famous hindi movie in which actor was completely devoted to her wife. Therefore, uxorious means husband who is completely devoted to his wife especially in a submissive and obedient way.

Uses-

• Michelle had an uxorious husband who obeyed her wish or request to do something.
• She had uxorious control over her husband.
• His friends laughed at him because he was so uxorious to his wife.

## CHAPTER 99 on Vocabulary

TOME (Noun)

Meaning- Large or scholarly book; one of the volumes in a set of several books.

Uses-

• When she discovered that the books she needed for her paper were in the university’ s online system, she ended up lugging some truly impressive tomes back from the library. She actually had to stop and rest twice on the way home.

TORPOR (Noun)

Meaning- State of not being active and having no energy or enthusiasm.

Synonym- TORPIDITY, INDOLENCE, LANGUOR, LETHARGY, SLUGGISHNESS, LISTLESSNESS

Uses-

• In the heat, they sank into a state of torpor.
• He fell into a deep torpor.

Meaning- 1) extremely hot.

2) Steamy, passionate or showing or expressing very strong feelings; especially, of sexual or romantic desires.

3) Very difficult, uncomfortable and unpleasant.

Synonym- SCALDING, SWELTERING

Uses-

• A torrid summer.
• “They were known to have had a torrid love affair.”
• “With a torrid weather condition and a torrid summer, it has been a terribly difficult summer.”
• “The parents brought a big umbrella to the picnic the family could decrease the heat of the torrid sun.”
• There were rumors that their boss and his secretary were having a torrid affair.”

Meaning- Not simple and direct; long, complicated and difficult to understand.

Synonym- COMPLEX, INTRICATE, LABYRINTHINE, SERPENTINE

Uses-

• Thomas was not very straightforward and he was quite tortuous as he tried to make his wife believe that he loved her even though she knew that he was having a relationship with another woman.
• There are some mountain passes which are tortuous for drivers because of the multitudes of winding curves that exist.

Meaning- Expressed strongly and effectively in a clear way.

Synonym- INCISIVE, SHARP, ACERBIC, SCATHING, CAUSTIC, PENETRATING

Uses-

• His trenchant views on the subject are well known.
• Bruce made a trenchant analysis of the reasons for a loss in sales.
• Debora was known to have trenchant writing skills.

## CHAPTER 98 on Vocabulary

Meaning- Marked by a strong point of view, biased.

Uses-

• He lacks on tendentious continuation to things Raskolnikov has said.

# TENET (Noun)

Meaning- principle, belief held as true by members of a profession or a group.

Synonym- Dogma, Doctrine

Explanation- dogma or tenet means a belief that are accepted to be true by members of a group. Doctrine has two meanings. It means religious belief that is accepted to be true and It also means set of political belief which forms the basis of policy. For example- Doctrine of lapse, Doctrine of karma.

Uses-

• Idol-worship is an important tenet of Hinduism.
• The basic tenet of my faith is to be kind to other people.

Meaning- Using few words and not often not seeming polite or friendly.

Synonym- BRUSQUE, CURT, SUCCINCT, PITHY

Uses-

• The president issued a terse statement denying the charges.

Meaning- Fearful, timid.

Synonym- FAINTHEARTED, SKITTISH, TREMULOUS, TREPID, BASHFUL

Uses-

• Who’ s that? Asked a timorous voice.
• The expression describing a timorous person as “quaking in his boots” is a bit of cliché.

Meaning- a long and angry speech that includes condemnation, reprimanding and scolding.

Mnemonic trick- The word tirade sounds similar to word ‘tired’. Tired Bose directs a tirade at his employees or tired teacher usually directs a tirade at her students. Therefore, tirade means a long and angry speech that includes condemnation, reprimanding and scolding.

Synonym- DIATRIBE, HARANGUE, JEREMIAD, PHILIPPIC, LECTURE

Uses-

• The television debate panelists are known for their tirades against their political opponent.
• The office-seeker let loose a tirade of vilifications against his opponent.
• The principal of the high school delivered a tirade at a group of students for their misbehavior and disobedience.

## CHAPTER 97 on Vocabulary

Meaning- tending to be quiet or not speaking frequently

Mnemonic trick- following picture is a trick to learn the word.

Synonym- RETICENT, CLOSEMOUTHED, UNCOMMUNICATIVE

Synonym Explanation-Taciturn and reticent are synonyms. Taciturn implies tending to be quiet and reticent implies unwilling to tell people about things. For example- 1) She was extremely reticent about her personal affairs.

2) Being married twice, he was reticent on subject of his private life in interviews.

Uses-

• A somewhat taciturn young man.
• A taciturn man, he almost never initiates a conversation.
• You should encourage your taciturn student to speak up and not to be shy.
• The child was taciturn and unhelpful to investigating team.

Meaning- 1) Slightly or indirectly related to something.

2) related to tangent.

Uses-

• Her point was tangential to the main point of discussion.
• Their romance is tangential to the book’ s main plot.

# TANTRUM (Noun)

Meaning- 1) An uncontrolled expression of childish anger.

2) An angry outburst by a child or by someone who is behaving like a child.

Synonym- CONNIPTION

Uses-

• She had a tantrum when she found her little sister using her color pencils.
• My little boy’ s tantrums were caused by frustrations and probably intensified by a lack of sleep as a result of his illness.
• Whenever puerile Nalin does not get his way at work, he goes into tantrums.
• The child learned that he could have almost anything if he had a tantrum.

Meaning- 1) Cheap or cheap looking.

2) Unpleasant, immoral, shameful and lacking in human decency.

Synonym- GAUDY, MERETRICIOUS

Uses-

• Her mom did n’ t care for it, but her grandmother found it downright tawdry.
• A tawdry affair.

# TEMERITY (Noun)

Meaning- 1) reckless confidence that might be considered to be rude or offensive.

2) foolhardy contempt of danger or opposition.

Mnemonic trick- The word temerity contains word ‘tem’ and ‘merit’. ‘tem’ sounds similar to team. If team has merit, then team members will show temerity. Therefore, temerity means reckless confidence that might be considered to be rude or offensive.

Synonym- AUDACITY, PRESUMPTION, EFFRONTERY, HARDIHOOD

Uses-

• The plan to ride across the desert by camel showed a remarkable temerity on the part of the explorer.
• No one had the temerity, or audacity, to challenge the senior manager’ s decision.
• He actually had the temerity to tell her to lose weight.
• He had the temerity to call me a liar!

Meaning- foolhardy and recklessly daring or marked by temerity.

Synonym- AUDACIOUS, OVERCONFIDENT, RECKLESS, FOOLHARDY

Uses-

• It was a temerarious idea for early scientists to imagine the earth circumnavigating the sun.
• Mary’ s temerarious aunt is always ready to dash off to a new adventure; now, she is planning to go to Siberia.
• With a temerarious dash of his pen, the tenant signed a generous check for the landlord.

# SUBLIME (Verb)

Meaning- 1) to cause to pass directly from the solid to the vapor state and condense back to solid form.

2) to convert (something inferior) into something of higher worth.

Meaning- 1) So beautiful as to seem almost heavenly.

2) Of high, spiritual, moral, or intellectual worth.

Mnemonic trick- Sublimation means conversion of solid into vapour without converting into liquid. In this process, substance has converted into another form without existing in one form. Therefore, sublime means something that can’ t exist or something so good or beautiful as to seem almost heavenly.

Synonym- FABULOUS, MIRACULOUS, SURPRISING, MARVELOUS, PRODIGIOUS

Uses-

• I had sublime experience at my honeymoon.
• The book contains sublime descriptive passages.
• He possesses sublime self-confidence.
• He composed some of the most sublimes songs of Bollywood.

Meaning- trying or likely to damage government or political system by attacking it secretly or indirectly.

Mnemonic trick- subversive sounds like Hindi words ‘sub per shiv’. In India ‘sub per shiv ki kripa bani hui hain’ therefore our country is free from subversive activities or protests against government. Therefore, subversive means aiming to damage government or political system by doing riots or by attacking it secretly.

Uses-

• Subversive activities of people were responsible behind the resignation of president.
• Subversive elements in a dictatorship are always perilous.
• One local newspaper was accused of spreading subversive ideas.

2) Inactive, passive, or inert; especially from indolence or indifference.

Mnemonic trick- The word supine sounds similar to wine. After drinking wine, people normally lie on their spinal cord. Therefore, supine means to lie on your back with your face upward.

After drinking wine people also become inactive or lazy. Therefore, supine means inactive, passive or inert; especially from indolence or indifference.

Synonym- PRONE, PROSTRATE, RECUMBENT

Uses-

• Supine legislature that is afraid to take action.
• We walked along the beach, past the rows of supine bodies soaking up the sun.

# SURFEIT (Verb)

Meaning- 1) An amount that is too much or more than you need.

2) An intemperate or immoderate indulgence in something.

Uses-

• Mac was so surfeited with office work that he almost quit his job.
• The issue of immigrants, who are trying to leave their various geographical areas and are surfeiting into European countries in hopes of refuge, has become a serious problem!

# SURFEIT (Noun)

Meaning-

An amount that is too much or more than you need.

# SYBARITE (Noun)

Meaning- Person devoted to pleasure and luxury.

Uses-

• The reality show “housewives” portrayed wealthy sybarites who actually seemed to be pursuing Champagne full-time.